Advanced English · 20 min
Future perfect
The point
Will have plus the past participle is an action finished before a future point. By Friday she will have sent the note. By names the deadline the action is complete before.
Form and use
The future perfect is will have plus the past participle. It says that an action will be finished before a future point. By Friday she will have sent the note. By names the deadline. The participle is the third form: sent, finished, written, not send or sending.
Forms: By Friday she will have sent the note. By Friday she won't have sent the note. Will she have sent the note by Friday? Question order is will, subject, have, past participle. The negative is won't have or will not have, plus the participle. By six, by the time you arrive, and before noon all set the same kind of deadline.
The future continuous and the future perfect answer different questions. Will be working at nine means the work is in progress at nine. Will have finished by nine means the work is already complete at nine. Do not swap them. In progress takes be plus -ing. Complete before a point takes have plus the participle.
A common mistake is to drop have or to use a present form. By Friday she will sent the note is missing have. By Friday she will have send the note uses the base instead of the participle. Say will have sent. The by-phrase can sit at the start or at the end, but it should be in the sentence when the deadline matters.
Don't translate it like this
Don't say
By Friday she will sent the note.
Say
By Friday she will have sent the note.
금요일까지 그녀는 메모를 보냈을 것입니다.
Will have sent. Have is required.
Short examples
By Friday she will have sent the note.
금요일까지 그녀는 메모를 보냈을 것입니다.
She will not have finished by noon.
정오까지 그녀는 끝내지 못했을 것입니다.
By Friday she won't have sent the note.
금요일까지 그녀는 메모를 보내지 못했을 것입니다.
Will she have sent the note by Friday?
금요일까지 그녀가 메모를 보냈을까요?
By six I will have finished the draft.
여섯 시까지 나는 초고를 끝냈을 것입니다.
Before noon they will have left.
정오 전에 그들은 떠났을 것입니다.
By the time you arrive, she will have gone.
당신이 도착할 때쯤 그녀는 떠났을 것입니다.
We will not have signed it by Monday.
월요일까지 우리는 그것에 서명하지 못했을 것입니다.
She will have written the report by noon.
정오까지 그녀는 보고서를 썼을 것입니다.
Questions
Every question has to be right to close this point.
Answer every question, then check.